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YL EXT3 comprised a mixture of iridoids and polyphenols. YL EXT2 contained only one iridoid, loganic acid and gallic acid. RED EXT1 contained most of the tested polyphenols and iridoids and was the only extract containing anthocyanins. A total of 41 main compounds of iridoids, anthocyanins, hydrolysable tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonols were identified in the three extracts. In the osteoclast culture, the examined parameters were cellular viability, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and staining, and mRNA expression of Nfatc1, Ctsk, and Acp. In the osteoblast culture, cellular viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP staining, and mRNA expression of Alpl and Runx2 were examined. Primary cultured osteoblasts isolated from mouse calvarias and osteoclast-lineage primary cultured monocytes isolated from mouse bone marrow were used for the assessment of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Polyphenolic and iridoid constituents of extracts were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using the ultraperformance liquid chromatography system coupled with a quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. In this study, we have compared the antiosteoporotic effects of three extracts from cornelian cherry ( Cornus mas L.) fruits: RED EXT1 extracts from red fruits, and YL EXT2 and YL EXT3 extract from yellow fruits.

These processes can also be modulated by nutrients.

Bone remodeling in which old or damaged bone cells are removed by osteoclasts, and new bone cells are developed by osteoblasts is a key target for antiosteoporotic agents.

Which company developed graphpad prism software